RICE PULLER
Tests for rice pulling
The following information is true to the best of our knowledge and belief.
Item which purports to display natural (not man made & not artificially made) properties mentioned below.
We reserve the right to refuse to purchase an item with the following properties if we suspect any humanly induced function.
CLEANING
- Wash the Item with any detergent powder and water (like surf).
- Wash the Item with saline water (salt + water).
- Wash it with plain water and dry it.
- Rub dry cotton and newspaper on the Item.
- Let the Item come to normal room temperature before you begin to test it.
1. SIZE : _____________________
2. WEIGHT : _____________________
3. SHAPE : _____________________
4 .STAPLER PIN TEST : Take a small iron stapler pin and bring it near the RP. It should not stick to RP.(If the pin sticks, then RP is fake.)
5. INSTANT PULLING DISTANCE : Get fresh rice from home preferably fresh dehusked rice. Do not use sellers rice as they do gimmicks as they use chemicals kept hidden in fingernails. Keep the rice very near the item for attraction. Note the time taken and distance pulled and color.
6. INSTANT PULLING TIME : _____________________
7. Color change time after sticking : _____________________
8. After how much time does the rice fall : _____________________
9. RICE TO RICE : Take these tested / dusted rice & place them on a flat surface towards untested rice and check for attraction.
10.(a) GLASS WATER TEST : Fill a non-metallic glass with water and place the 4 tested rice on the water surface (as in 4 corners). After some time they will come towards the center. The rice should turn to yellow or brown in color. Now bring a PIN over the centre; the rice will move away. Remove the pin and they will come to the centre again. (If rice turns to BLUE COLOR then RP is a fake.)
10.(b) WATER TO RICE : Fill 1″ water in a non-metallic glass; put plain rice in it; they will settle at the bottom. Now sprinkle some tested “rice dust” on the water. The plain rice will stand vertically at the bottom of the glass. They may also rise up and stick to the tested “rice dust” and hang below the water surface.
11. COPPER WIRE TEST : Take a thin copper wire (18 guage) and wind 2 or 3 turns on the RP and leave theother end hanging out. Now do the INSTANT PULLING TEST. The copper wire should pull rice same as with the RP itself.
12. TORCH TEST : Take a plastic torch running on 2 pencil cells. Remove its front glass and switch it on and hold it at a distance of about half inch from the Item. Keep another plastic torch about 5 to 6 feet away from the Item. Switch on both the torches together. You must also keep the iron pin near the Item while doing the Torch Test. If the iron pin sticks to the Item while doing the Torch Test, then the Item is fake. Note the time taken for the torch light (near the Item) to be completely dimmed. If it is happening in just a few minutes, then it is good. Also note that the light of the other Torch is still bright or not. Switch off the torch and switch it on after about 2 minutes. If the light remains low (dim), then Torch Test is success.
ABOUT MATERIAL
About Iridium
Brief description: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum together make up a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGM).
The name iridium is appropriate, for its salts are highly coloured. Iridium is white, similar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast. It is very hard and brittle, making it very hard to machine, form, or worK. It is the most corrosion reliant metal known, and was used in making the standard metre bar of Paris, which is a 90% platinum-10% iridium alloy. This metre bar has since been replaced as a fundamental unit of length (see Krypton).
Indium is not attacked by any of the acids nor by aqua regia, but is attacked by molten salts, such as NaCI and NaCN.
Table: basic information about and classifications of iridium.
Name: Iridium Symbol: Ir • Atomic number: 77 Atomic weight: 192.217 (3) Standard state: solid at 298 K CAS Registry ID: 7439-88-5 |
rnetal | Group in periodic table: 9 Group name: Precious metal or Platinum group Period in periodic table: 6 Block in periodic table: d-block Colour: silvery white Classification: Metallic |
Small and large samples of iridium foil like this, as well as wire, can be purchased via the web catalogue from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
ISOLATION
Isolation: it would not normally be necessary to make a sample of iridium in the laboratory as the metal is available, at a price, commercially. The industrial extraction of iridium is complex as the metal occurs in ores mixed with other metals such as rhodium, palladium, silver, platinum, and gold. Sometimes extraction of the precious metals such as iridium, rhodium, platinum and palladium is the main focus of a partiuiar industrial operation while in other cases it is a byproduct. The extraction is complex because of the other metals present and only worthwhile since iridium is useful as a specialist metal and is the basis of some catalysts in industry.
Preliminary treatment of the ore or base metal byproduct is required to remove silver, gold, palladium, and platinum. The residue is melted with sodium bisulphate (NaHSO4) and the resulting mixture extracted with water to give a solution containing rhodium sulphate, Rh2(SO4)3. The insoluble residue contains the iridium. The residue is melted with Na2O2 and extracted into water to remove ruthenium and osmium salts. The residue contains iridium oxide, IrO2- Dissolution of the oxide in regia (a mixture of hydrochloric acid, HCI, and nitric acid, HNO3) gives a solution containing pure (NH4)3lrCI6. Evaporation to dryness and burning under hydrogen gas gives pure iridium.
In: India History [Edit categories)
You are assuming that the East India Company "introduced" Lebbo coins in 1616, a story being propagated by half-informed rumour-mongers. There is no numismatic record of the East India Company having issued such coins for the purpose of trade. There were no such "coins" introduced either in the form of currency or as "legal tender. The iebbo coin exists, but the story is quite different from what is often rumoured.
First of all it must be understood that the Lebbo was not a coin. It was not intended for trade. It was created from an alloy of metals found in a meteorite, and the British were involved in its manufacture only because they had a small gun-factory at Surat that these Indian metallurgists were allowed to use by order of the King of Surat. The British involvement can be noted by the English alphabets occurring on one face of the so-called "coin". In 1616, The East India Company consisted of a hand-full of sailors. They were not in power. They had not even conceived of the idea of ruling India They were a small group of businessmen begging the King of Surat for some land to establish their godowns. They had not even traveled to or seen the rest of India. Most of India was ruled by the Mughals (Jahangir). Where was the question of the East India Company issuing coins in India?
NUMISMATIC COINS
First let us understand how coins as a means of trade evolved. It is very difficult to know today where the concept of coinage first evolved, but based on available evidences, it appears that the concept of money (as coins, which by definition here would be a piece of metal of defined weight stamped with symbol of authority for financial transaction), was conceived by three different civilizations independently and almost simultaneously. Coins were introduced as a means to trade things of daily usage in Asia minor, India and China in 6th century BC. Most historians agree that the first coins of world were issued by Greeks living in , " Lydia and Ionia (located on the western coast of modern Turkey). These first coins were globules of Electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver. These were crude coins of definite weight stamped with incuse ' punches issued by the local authorities in 650 BC.
Most likely the first coins of India were minted just before 5th century BC in northern and central India. Although, tew historian have suggested (based on vedic records) that India minted perhaps the first coins of the world v/hich were introduced even earlie than I .ydian/lonian coins, in 8th century BC; most western scholars do not agree with this theory. Both, literary and archaeological evidence confirm that the Indians invented coinage somewhere between 5th to 6th century BC.
THE LEBBO
Coming back to your question of the Lebbo "coin", it must be understood that India had innumerable medals, medallions, talismans, temple-tokens, royal tokens, engraved metals, punch-marked coin value-redeemable metal seals, leather coins, lockets etc., that do not necessarily conform to standard numismatics but which were being produced in every kingdom and region for 2000 years before the British landed in India. Many are still being discovered. Because they were manufactured, minted or cast in small quantities, because they served some purpose (as a reward, as a religious ceremony, as a gift during weddings, etc.) other than trade, their history is often very difficult to trace. But this does not mean that they didn't exist. However, as with alchemy and ayurveda, experiments were conducted by scholars utilizing various metals, herbs and naturally occurring elements for the purpose of studying medicine, chemistry etc.
Much of what is often rumored about the lebbo coin is heresy, though some are very true.
So what is true? (1) Yes, they were made in a gun-foundry in Surat (2) The purpose for their manufacture is not known. The British assumed it was for some local religious purpose, but the Englishmen were allowed to put their insignia on one side of the coin. A fault in the mould caused "EIC" to become "EID" (3) Its manufacture was done based on some ancient Sanskrit texts. (4) Detailed astronomical study was done before its manufacture. (5) eight "pairs" of coins were made (6) They were made during a solar eclipse as per the instructions in the text.
For some unknown reason the sixteen pieces were believed to have been transported to the Andaman Islands some years later, and believed to have " been lost in the jetty in what later came to be known as Port Blair. Many believe that people involved in the manufacture in 1616 were struck by unknown disease. At the time when they were made, they were not called "lebbo". This was a name given after 1945 by some researchers. It is an abbreviation for "Light Emitting Bionic Bi-polar Orb" a code name for a specific application they had developed in Germany during the. Nazi regime.
Some of these coins show peculiar characteristics, which is not surprising considering they were made of rare and unknown alloy mixed with copper. They have antique, curio and intrinsic value if a genuine one can be found. It is rumored that they emit radiation and may be radio-active. Which makes it illegal to possess them. Some attribute unimaginable value to it which is not realistic.
I have examined many fakes in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kamataka. On one occasion I examined a genuine Lebbo coin which showed some form of radiation, causing dry cells to corrupt, interfering with electrical and electronic equipment and causing mild changes in water temperature when it is immersed in it. Out of curiosity I checked the metal piece many times. The results were however never consistent and sometimes very anomalous. It was oval and weighed about 154 gms. I refused to either get involved in its trading or in any transaction related to it.
The Lebbo is a current rage among collectors. It is also a vehicle for acketeers who form so-called "Companies" and collect "testing fees" from gullible investors, posing as buyers. Some Govt. agencies - from namely the UK, USA and West Germany (before unification) showed interest in some scientific applications utilizing these coins in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Nothing much is known about these enquiries since. Today there is a mix of mystery, truth, rumors and some ridiculous claims surrounding the Lebbo coins.
IRIDIUM DETAILS
| 6.78 | COPPER |
| NO: RX 43435 | |
| M.W: 154-55 | (IRCL3) |
| MADE IN UK | MADE IN ITALY |
| S-ZY | RAINBOW COLOUR |
| F: 56-H | COPPER IRIDIUM |
USE ONLY HAND DRILL